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Knox College (Illinois)
Knox College is a four-year coeducational private liberal arts college located in Galesburg, Illinois, United States. Knox is classified as a more selective institution by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and is ranked 75th among liberal arts colleges by the 2013 edition of America's Best Colleges in ''U.S. News & World Report''. It is one of 40 schools featured in Loren Pope's influential book ''Colleges That Change Lives''.
==History==
Knox College was founded in 1837 by anti-slavery social reformers, led by George Washington Gale. Many of the founders, including the Rev. Samuel Wright, actively supported the Underground Railroad. The original name for the school was Knox Manual Labor College, but it has been known by its present name since 1857.
The college's name came about through a compromise among its founders. Though founded by a colony of Presbyterians and Congregationalists, the county in which the college is located was already named Knox County, after Henry Knox, the first United States Secretary of War. Arguments have been made that the college was named for Calvinist leader John Knox, but it is not certain for which Knox it was named (if not both). George Candee Gale, a great-great-grandson of two of the founders, explains that
"contrary to general belief, Knox was not named for either General Knox or the Scottish Presbyterian Knox, according to my father ... Some wanted the college named for one Knox, some for the other; so they compromised on KNOX. Certainly most of them were pious enough to want the churchman and fighters enough to want the soldier as well."〔Calkins, Earnest Elmo. (1937) ''They Broke the Prairie'', University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-06094-6〕
The presidency of Jonathan Blanchard led the school out of debt, but ignited a controversy about whether the school was loyal to the Congregational church or the Presbyterians. Both Gale and Blanchard were forced out of the school as a result.〔 〕 Knox was the site of the fifth debate between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas in 1858. The Old Main building is the only site from the debates that stands today. Two years after the debates, and during his presidential campaign, Lincoln was awarded the first honorary doctorate ever conferred by Knox College—a Doctor of Laws degree, announced at the commencement exercises of 5 July 1860.〔Muelder, Hermann R. (1959) ''Fighters for Freedom'', Columbia University Press. ISBN 1-58152-409-9〕
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